Fossils from Kicking Horse Pass

Extracorporeal lung assist: more than kicking a dead horse?

U p to now, the history of extracorporeal lung support has been a tale of great expectations and even greater disappointments. In 1972, HILL et al. [1] published the first case report on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a young patient who suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after trauma. At that time, mortality rates from ARDS were extremely high an...

The Ki king Horse Pass Problem

Perspectives from fossils and phylogenies

Over half of all described species are insects, but until recently our understanding of the reasons for this diversity was based on very little macroevolutionary evidence. Here I summarize the hypotheses that have been posed, tests of these hypotheses and their results, and hence identify gaps in knowledge for future researchers to pursue. I focus on inferences from the following sources: (i) t...

Evidence for evolution from fossils

That is, carbon-14 decays into nitrogen-14, an electron, and an electron antineutrino. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that it is not possible to predict when any given nucleus will decay. In addition, the probability of decay in the next time interval dt is completely independent of how long the nucleus has lasted up to that point, be it an attosecond or a billion years. What this means is ...

Clustering fossils from the early universe.

Many inflationary theories introduce new scalar, vector, or tensor degrees of freedom that may then affect the generation of primordial density perturbations. Here we show how to search a galaxy (or 21-cm) survey for the imprint of primordial scalar, vector, and tensor fields. These new fields induce local departures to an otherwise statistically isotropic two-point correlation function, or equ...